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Up From The Inferno 2 – Volcano

Question 1
A 7.2 magnitude earthquake:
Correct Answer:
would have almost 33,000 times the energy release of a 4.2 quake.

Question 2
Which statement is true?
Correct Answer:
Governments are supportive of the worldwide seismic network because it can detect nuclear bomb tests as well as natural earthquakes.

Question 3
A tsunami:
Correct Answer:
may be just a broad, gentle swelling out at sea but grows as it approaches shore.

Question 4
This diagram:
Correct Answer:
shows a displacement of 18 feet.

Question 5
Earthquake prediction is not highly reliable, but geologists do know:
Correct Answer:
more earthquakes happen along plate boundaries than happen at intraplate locations.

Question 6
Which statement is true? Liquefaction:
Correct Answer:
all of the above are true.

Question 7
On the diagram shown:
Correct Answer:
Block X is the hanging wall.

Question 8
Which statement is true?
Correct Answer:
R- and L-waves are surface seismic waves.

Question 9
The locations of major earthquakes and volcanic eruptions:
Correct Answer:
are usually along the boundaries of crustal plates.

Question 10
Which statement concerning tsunami events is false?
Correct Answer:
The velocity of a tsumani wave increases when the wave moves from open ocean into shallower water.

Question 11
Identify the false statement: The Richter scale:
Correct Answer:
measures the size of a quake in terms of the damage it does (its intensity).

Question 12
Identify the false statement.
Correct Answer:
Earthquake magnitude scales all run from one (minimum amplitude) to ten (maximum amplitude).

Question 13
Identify the false statement.
Correct Answer:
Earthquakes never have hypocenters (foci) deeper than about 100 km (60 miles).

Question 14
Which of the following is not a good technique for building earthquake-resistant structures?
Correct Answer:
Use concrete-block rather than wood-frame construction.

Question 15
Identify the false statement. Long-term earthquake predictions:
Correct Answer:
are statements of the likelihood of an earthquake happening in some particular area within the next thousand years.

Question 16
Interpret the travel-time curve shown. How many minutes between the arrival of the first P-wave and the arrival of the first S-wave?
Correct Answer:
7

Question 17
Interpret the travel-time curve shown. Which line on the graph represents the S-wave?
Correct Answer:
upper line A

Question 18
Interpret the travel-time curve shown. How far away is the earthquake epicenter?
Correct Answer:
350 mi

Question 19
Interpret the travel-time curve shown. What time did the earthquake occur?
Correct Answer:
4:16 P.M.

Question 20
Which of the following earthquake phenomena is the least likely to actually injure or kill humans?
Correct Answer:
ground shaking

Question 21
Identify the false statement. Short-term earthquake prediction:
Correct Answer:
depends heavily on studying precursor phenomena like changes in water level in wells, gases, electrical conduction of rock, and animal behavior.

Question 22
Identify the false statement. The tsunami event of Dec. 26, 2004:
Correct Answer:
could have resulted in an even greater death toll but for the timely warnings issued immediately after the quake.

Question 23
The reading XIX is logical for a moderate-sized quake on the Mercalli intensity scale, which runs from X to XXX.
Correct Answer: False

Question 24
Plotting the hypocenters (foci) of earthquakes, showing their progression from shallow to intermediate to deep as you move eastward across South America, is really drawing the profile of a subducting ocean plate.
Correct Answer: True

Question 25
Roughly 80% of the earthquake energy released on Earth comes in the continental collision zone where the Himalayas are still growing; the remaining 20% is scattered at random locations worldwide.
Correct Answer: False

Question 26
Although the risk is small, disastrous earthquakes can happen in regions that are not seismic zones.
Correct Answer: True

Question 27
It takes less energy to activate an old fault than to create a comparably sized new one, so old faults must still be treated as areas of weakness vulnerable to earthquakes.
Correct Answer: True

Question 28
If a rock undergoes enough stress to produce elastic strain, an earthquake always happens.
Correct Answer: False

Question 29
Friction occurs between sliding surfaces because no surface can be perfectly smooth; all contain small bumps or protrusions.
Correct Answer: True

Question 30
The New Madrid, Missouri, quakes of 1811-12 and the Charleston, South Carolina, quake of 1886 were both large intraplate quakes.
Correct Answer: True

Question 31
Intermediate and deep-focus quakes occur in the Wadati-Benioff zones of divergent plate boundaries.
Correct Answer: False

Question 32
Rayleigh seismic waves cause Earth’s surface to move vertically; Love seismic waves cause the ground to ripple back and forth, creating a snake-like movement of the surface.
Correct Answer: True

Question 33
Because intraplate earthquakes are infrequent and tend to have shallow hypocenters, they have had little effect on human society.
Correct Answer: False

Up From The Inferno 2 – Volcano

The Wrath of Vulcan

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Question 1
The presence of pillow lava is evidence of what volcanic circumstance?
Correct Answer: a submarine volcano

Question 2
A glowing cloud of hot gases and volcanic pieces:
Correct Answer: is called a pyroclastic flow or nuée ardente.

Question 3
A lahar is:
Correct Answer: a volcanic mud and debris flow that resembles fluid concrete.

Question 4
The enlarged volcanic craters at Yellowstone, Crater Lake, and Krakatau are:
Correct Answer:
formed by both explosion outward and collapse inward of the mountain.

Question 5
Volcanic mudflows, composed of ash, debris, and water:
Correct Answer:
have often resulted in damage and death to humans and their property.

Question 6
Which of the following is not a form of lava?
Correct Answer: Lapilli

Question 7
Lava of low viscosity:
Correct Answer: all of the above are true.

Question 8
Vesuvius erupted-a very violent explosion-in 79 A.D. and buried the residents of Pompeii in ash. On the basis of this information, which of the following would you least expect to find at Vesuvius?
Correct Answer: Basalt

Question 9
Lava is:
Correct Answer: molten rock that cools and hardens on Earth’s surface.

Question 10
Rhyolite lava:
Correct Answer: all of the above are true.

Question 11
Pick out the false statement. Carbon dioxide:
Correct Answer:is a toxic (poisonous) gas; even a little can kill you.

Question 12
Mt. St. Helens erupted in 1980, sending out gas and pyroclastics. Geologists have found evidence of many eruptions of St. Helens, dating back 37,000 years. The mountain is huge and is composed of layers of lava and pyroclastics. Which of the following is most likely true?
Correct Answer:
It’s a stratovolcano (or composite cone).

Question 13
This stratovolcano recently erupted in the United States. Although it warned of its impending eruption, it still killed people, partly because it first blew sideways and produced a monstrous landslide. The explosion sent tons of ash skyward and blasted more than 1,000 feet off the mountaintop. The volcano is:
Correct Answer: Mt. St. Helens.

Question 14
This Caribbean volcano warned of its impending eruption for more than a month, but early in 1902 it killed thousands with a pyroclastic flow. In the 1990s, similar eruptions on the neighboring island of Montserrat threatened thousands.
Correct Answer: Mt. Pelée

Question 15
In the 1990s, a California camper in a volcanic area died after he ignored posted warnings and slept in a campground among standing but dead trees. He was not scalded, he was not poisoned, and the campground did not smell bad. What volcanic gas killed the camper and the trees?
Correct Answer: carbon dioxide

Chapter 16
Which of the following does not describe the architecture (structure) of a volcano?
Correct Answer: Vesicle

Question 17
What is the term for an unconsolidated accumulation of any size of pyroclastic grains?
Correct Answer: Tephra

Question 18
Which of the following events is a warning sign of imminent eruption?
Correct Answer: all of the above are warning signs.

Chapter 19
Which of the following volcanic areas is not part of the Ring of Fire?
Correct Answer: Iceland

Question 20
Identify the false statement. The eruption of Mt. Tambora, Indonesia, in 1815:
Correct Answer: is the only documented example of possible eruption-triggered coolness.

Question 21
Individual volcanoes erupt fairly regularly, and if the recurrence interval is known, their eruptions can be accurately predicted.
Correct Answer: False

Question 22
Renewed eruption in a caldera can produce a resurgent dome.
Correct Answer: True

Question 23
Devil’s Tower, Wyoming, and Shiprock, New Mexico, are landforms that exist because softer volcano exteriors erode faster than solidified lava in fissures and vents.
Correct Answer: True

Question 24
Lava is the greatest volcanic hazard to human life because it travels so fast.
Correct Answer: False

Question 25
Many planes have crashed because volcanic ash sucked into their engines blocked the engine’s airflow and shut it down.
Correct Answer: False

Question 26
Pyroclastic flows bring instant death to any life caught in them.
Correct Answer: True

Question 27
A tsunami is a tidal wave caused by the proper lineup of the Moon and the Sun.
Correct Answer: False